/* SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2018 Blender Authors
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */

/** \file
 * \ingroup bke
 */

#include "BKE_attribute.hh"
#include "BKE_subdiv_eval.hh"

#include "BLI_array_utils.hh"
#include "BLI_math_vector.h"
#include "BLI_math_vector.hh"
#include "BLI_task.h"

#include "BKE_customdata.hh"
#include "BKE_mesh.hh"
#include "BKE_subdiv.hh"

#include "MEM_guardedalloc.h"

#include "opensubdiv_evaluator_capi.hh"
#ifdef WITH_OPENSUBDIV
#  include "opensubdiv_evaluator.hh"
#  include "opensubdiv_topology_refiner.hh"
#endif

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Helper functions.
 */

namespace blender::bke::subdiv {

#ifdef WITH_OPENSUBDIV

static eOpenSubdivEvaluator opensubdiv_evaluator_from_subdiv_evaluator_type(
    eSubdivEvaluatorType evaluator_type)
{
  switch (evaluator_type) {
    case SUBDIV_EVALUATOR_TYPE_CPU: {
      return OPENSUBDIV_EVALUATOR_CPU;
    }
    case SUBDIV_EVALUATOR_TYPE_GPU: {
      return OPENSUBDIV_EVALUATOR_GPU;
    }
  }
  BLI_assert_msg(0, "Unknown evaluator type");
  return OPENSUBDIV_EVALUATOR_CPU;
}

#endif

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Main subdivision evaluation.
 */

bool eval_begin(Subdiv *subdiv,
                eSubdivEvaluatorType evaluator_type,
                OpenSubdiv_EvaluatorCache *evaluator_cache,
                const OpenSubdiv_EvaluatorSettings *settings)
{
#ifdef WITH_OPENSUBDIV
  stats_reset(&subdiv->stats, SUBDIV_STATS_EVALUATOR_CREATE);
  if (subdiv->topology_refiner == nullptr) {
    /* Happens on input mesh with just loose geometry,
     * or when OpenSubdiv is disabled */
    return false;
  }
  if (subdiv->evaluator == nullptr) {
    eOpenSubdivEvaluator opensubdiv_evaluator_type =
        opensubdiv_evaluator_from_subdiv_evaluator_type(evaluator_type);
    stats_begin(&subdiv->stats, SUBDIV_STATS_EVALUATOR_CREATE);
    subdiv->evaluator = openSubdiv_createEvaluatorFromTopologyRefiner(
        subdiv->topology_refiner, opensubdiv_evaluator_type, evaluator_cache);
    stats_end(&subdiv->stats, SUBDIV_STATS_EVALUATOR_CREATE);
    if (subdiv->evaluator == nullptr) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  else {
    /* TODO(sergey): Check for topology change. */
  }
  subdiv->evaluator->eval_output->setSettings(settings);
  eval_init_displacement(subdiv);
  return true;
#else
  UNUSED_VARS(subdiv, evaluator_type, evaluator_cache, settings);
  return false;
#endif
}

#ifdef WITH_OPENSUBDIV

static void set_coarse_positions(Subdiv *subdiv,
                                 const Span<float3> positions,
                                 const IndexMask &verts_no_face)
{
  OpenSubdiv_Evaluator *evaluator = subdiv->evaluator;
  if (verts_no_face.is_empty()) {
    evaluator->eval_output->setCoarsePositions(
        reinterpret_cast<const float *>(positions.data()), 0, positions.size());
    return;
  }
  Array<float3> used_vert_positions(positions.size() - verts_no_face.size());
  IndexMaskMemory memory;
  const IndexMask verts = verts_no_face.complement(positions.index_range(), memory);
  array_utils::gather(positions, verts, used_vert_positions.as_mutable_span());
  evaluator->eval_output->setCoarsePositions(
      reinterpret_cast<const float *>(used_vert_positions.data()), 0, used_vert_positions.size());
}

/* Context which is used to fill face varying data in parallel. */
struct FaceVaryingDataFromUVContext {
  opensubdiv::TopologyRefinerImpl *topology_refiner;
  const Mesh *mesh;
  OffsetIndices<int> faces;
  Span<float2> uv_map;
  float (*buffer)[2];
  int layer_index;
};

static void set_face_varying_data_from_uv_task(void *__restrict userdata,
                                               const int face_index,
                                               const TaskParallelTLS *__restrict /*tls*/)
{
  FaceVaryingDataFromUVContext *ctx = static_cast<FaceVaryingDataFromUVContext *>(userdata);
  opensubdiv::TopologyRefinerImpl *topology_refiner = ctx->topology_refiner;
  const int layer_index = ctx->layer_index;
  const Span<float2> face_uvs = ctx->uv_map.slice(ctx->faces[face_index]);

  /* TODO(sergey): OpenSubdiv's C-API converter can change winding of
   * loops of a face, need to watch for that, to prevent wrong UVs assigned.
   */
  const OpenSubdiv::Vtr::ConstIndexArray uv_indices =
      topology_refiner->base_level().GetFaceFVarValues(face_index, layer_index);
  for (int i = 0; i < uv_indices.size(); i++) {
    copy_v2_v2(ctx->buffer[uv_indices[i]], face_uvs[i]);
  }
}

static void set_face_varying_data_from_uv(Subdiv *subdiv,
                                          const Mesh *mesh,
                                          const Span<float2> uv_map,
                                          const int layer_index)
{
  opensubdiv::TopologyRefinerImpl *topology_refiner = subdiv->topology_refiner;
  OpenSubdiv_Evaluator *evaluator = subdiv->evaluator;
  const int num_faces = topology_refiner->base_level().GetNumFaces();

  const int num_fvar_values = topology_refiner->base_level().GetNumFVarValues(layer_index);
  /* Use a temporary buffer so we do not upload UVs one at a time to the GPU. */
  float (*buffer)[2] = MEM_new_array_uninitialized<float[2]>(size_t(num_fvar_values), __func__);

  FaceVaryingDataFromUVContext ctx;
  ctx.topology_refiner = topology_refiner;
  ctx.layer_index = layer_index;
  ctx.uv_map = uv_map;
  ctx.mesh = mesh;
  ctx.faces = mesh->faces();
  ctx.buffer = buffer;

  TaskParallelSettings parallel_range_settings;
  BLI_parallel_range_settings_defaults(&parallel_range_settings);
  parallel_range_settings.min_iter_per_thread = 1;

  BLI_task_parallel_range(
      0, num_faces, &ctx, set_face_varying_data_from_uv_task, &parallel_range_settings);

  evaluator->eval_output->setFaceVaryingData(layer_index, &buffer[0][0], 0, num_fvar_values);

  MEM_delete(buffer);
}

static void set_vert_data_from_orco(Subdiv *subdiv, const Mesh *mesh)
{
  const float (*orco)[3] = static_cast<const float (*)[3]>(
      CustomData_get_layer(&mesh->vert_data, CD_ORCO));
  const float (*cloth_orco)[3] = static_cast<const float (*)[3]>(
      CustomData_get_layer(&mesh->vert_data, CD_CLOTH_ORCO));

  if (orco || cloth_orco) {
    opensubdiv::TopologyRefinerImpl *topology_refiner = subdiv->topology_refiner;
    OpenSubdiv_Evaluator *evaluator = subdiv->evaluator;
    const int num_verts = topology_refiner->base_level().GetNumVertices();

    if (orco && cloth_orco) {
      /* Set one by one if have both. */
      for (int i = 0; i < num_verts; i++) {
        float data[6];
        copy_v3_v3(data, orco[i]);
        copy_v3_v3(data + 3, cloth_orco[i]);
        evaluator->eval_output->setVertexData(data, i, 1);
      }
    }
    else {
      /* Faster single call if we have either. */
      if (orco) {
        evaluator->eval_output->setVertexData(orco[0], 0, num_verts);
      }
      else if (cloth_orco) {
        evaluator->eval_output->setVertexData(cloth_orco[0], 0, num_verts);
      }
    }
  }
}

static void get_mesh_evaluator_settings(OpenSubdiv_EvaluatorSettings *settings, const Mesh *mesh)
{
  settings->num_vertex_data = (CustomData_has_layer(&mesh->vert_data, CD_ORCO) ? 3 : 0) +
                              (CustomData_has_layer(&mesh->vert_data, CD_CLOTH_ORCO) ? 3 : 0);
}

#endif

bool eval_begin_from_mesh(Subdiv *subdiv,
                          const Mesh *mesh,
                          eSubdivEvaluatorType evaluator_type,
                          const Span<float3> coarse_vert_positions,
                          OpenSubdiv_EvaluatorCache *evaluator_cache)
{
#ifdef WITH_OPENSUBDIV
  OpenSubdiv_EvaluatorSettings settings = {0};
  get_mesh_evaluator_settings(&settings, mesh);
  if (!eval_begin(subdiv, evaluator_type, evaluator_cache, &settings)) {
    return false;
  }
  return eval_refine_from_mesh(subdiv, mesh, coarse_vert_positions);
#else
  UNUSED_VARS(subdiv, mesh, coarse_vert_positions, evaluator_type, evaluator_cache);
  return false;
#endif
}

bool eval_refine_from_mesh(Subdiv *subdiv,
                           const Mesh *mesh,
                           const Span<float3> coarse_vert_positions)
{
#ifdef WITH_OPENSUBDIV
  if (subdiv->evaluator == nullptr) {
    /* NOTE: This situation is supposed to be handled by begin(). */
    BLI_assert_msg(0, "Is not supposed to happen");
    return false;
  }
  /* Set coordinates of base mesh vertices. */
  set_coarse_positions(subdiv,
                       coarse_vert_positions.is_empty() ? mesh->vert_positions() :
                                                          coarse_vert_positions,
                       mesh->verts_no_face());

  /* Set face-varying data to UV maps. */
  const AttributeAccessor attributes = mesh->attributes();
  VectorSet<StringRefNull> uv_map_names = mesh->uv_map_names();
  for (const int i : uv_map_names.index_range()) {
    const VArraySpan uv_map = *attributes.lookup<float2>(uv_map_names[i], bke::AttrDomain::Corner);
    set_face_varying_data_from_uv(subdiv, mesh, uv_map, i);
  }
  /* Set vertex data to orco. */
  set_vert_data_from_orco(subdiv, mesh);
  /* Update evaluator to the new coarse geometry. */
  stats_begin(&subdiv->stats, SUBDIV_STATS_EVALUATOR_REFINE);
  subdiv->evaluator->eval_output->refine();
  stats_end(&subdiv->stats, SUBDIV_STATS_EVALUATOR_REFINE);
  return true;
#else
  UNUSED_VARS(subdiv, mesh, coarse_vert_positions);
  return false;
#endif
}

void eval_init_displacement(Subdiv *subdiv)
{
  if (subdiv->displacement_evaluator == nullptr) {
    return;
  }
  if (subdiv->displacement_evaluator->initialize == nullptr) {
    return;
  }
  subdiv->displacement_evaluator->initialize(subdiv->displacement_evaluator);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Single point queries.
 */

float3 eval_limit_point(Subdiv *subdiv, const int ptex_face_index, const float u, const float v)
{
#ifdef WITH_OPENSUBDIV
  float3 r_P;
  subdiv->evaluator->eval_output->evaluateLimit(ptex_face_index, u, v, r_P, nullptr, nullptr);
  return r_P;
#else
  UNUSED_VARS(subdiv, ptex_face_index, u, v);
  return {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
#endif
}

void eval_limit_point_and_derivatives(Subdiv *subdiv,
                                      const int ptex_face_index,
                                      const float u,
                                      const float v,
                                      float3 &r_P,
                                      float3 &r_dPdu,
                                      float3 &r_dPdv)
{
#ifdef WITH_OPENSUBDIV
  subdiv->evaluator->eval_output->evaluateLimit(ptex_face_index, u, v, r_P, r_dPdu, r_dPdv);

  /* NOTE: In a very rare occasions derivatives are evaluated to zeros or are exactly equal.
   * This happens, for example, in single vertex on Suzannne's nose (where two quads have 2 common
   * edges).
   *
   * This makes tangent space displacement (such as multi-resolution) impossible to be used in
   * those vertices, so those needs to be addressed in one way or another.
   *
   * Simplest thing to do: step inside of the face a little bit, where there is known patch at
   * which there must be proper derivatives. This might break continuity of normals, but is better
   * that giving totally unusable derivatives. */

  if ((math::is_zero(r_dPdu) || math::is_zero(r_dPdv)) || math::is_equal(r_dPdu, r_dPdv)) {
    subdiv->evaluator->eval_output->evaluateLimit(
        ptex_face_index, u * 0.999f + 0.0005f, v * 0.999f + 0.0005f, r_P, r_dPdu, r_dPdv);
  }
#else
  UNUSED_VARS(subdiv, ptex_face_index, u, v, r_P, r_dPdu, r_dPdv);
#endif
}

void eval_limit_point_and_normal(Subdiv *subdiv,
                                 const int ptex_face_index,
                                 const float u,
                                 const float v,
                                 float3 &r_P,
                                 float3 &r_N)
{
  float3 dPdu;
  float3 dPdv;
  eval_limit_point_and_derivatives(subdiv, ptex_face_index, u, v, r_P, dPdu, dPdv);
  r_N = math::normalize(math::cross(dPdu, dPdv));
}

void eval_vert_data(
    Subdiv *subdiv, const int ptex_face_index, const float u, const float v, float r_vert_data[])
{
#ifdef WITH_OPENSUBDIV
  subdiv->evaluator->eval_output->evaluateVertexData(ptex_face_index, u, v, r_vert_data);
#else
  UNUSED_VARS(subdiv, ptex_face_index, u, v, r_vert_data);
#endif
}

void eval_face_varying(Subdiv *subdiv,
                       const int face_varying_channel,
                       const int ptex_face_index,
                       const float u,
                       const float v,
                       float2 &r_face_varying)
{
#ifdef WITH_OPENSUBDIV
  subdiv->evaluator->eval_output->evaluateFaceVarying(
      face_varying_channel, ptex_face_index, u, v, r_face_varying);
#else
  UNUSED_VARS(subdiv, ptex_face_index, face_varying_channel, u, v, r_face_varying);
#endif
}

void eval_displacement(Subdiv *subdiv,
                       const int ptex_face_index,
                       const float u,
                       const float v,
                       const float3 &dPdu,
                       const float3 &dPdv,
                       float3 &r_D)
{
  if (subdiv->displacement_evaluator == nullptr) {
    r_D = float3(0.0f);
    return;
  }
  subdiv->displacement_evaluator->eval_displacement(
      subdiv->displacement_evaluator, ptex_face_index, u, v, dPdu, dPdv, r_D);
}

float3 eval_final_point(Subdiv *subdiv, const int ptex_face_index, const float u, const float v)
{
  float3 r_P;
  if (subdiv->displacement_evaluator) {
    float3 dPdu;
    float3 dPdv;
    float3 D;
    eval_limit_point_and_derivatives(subdiv, ptex_face_index, u, v, r_P, dPdu, dPdv);
    eval_displacement(subdiv, ptex_face_index, u, v, dPdu, dPdv, D);
    r_P += D;
  }
  else {
    r_P = eval_limit_point(subdiv, ptex_face_index, u, v);
  }
  return r_P;
}

}  // namespace blender::bke::subdiv
